What lies in store for stranded astronauts upon their return
What's the story
NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore are returning to Earth after a nine-month stint on the International Space Station (ISS). Their flight was unexpectedly prolonged due to glitches in Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.
As they get ready for their homecoming, experts have warned of the health impacts of prolonged space travel, including a condition called "baby feet."
Condition explained
What is 'baby feet' syndrome?
"Baby feet" syndrome is when an astronaut's soles become soft after a long time in space.
This happens because they don't get weight-bearing exercises and pressure on their feet, which they do on Earth.
In microgravity, astronauts don't walk or put pressure on their feet like we do here. They float and use their hands to move around, often gripping bars and handles inside the spacecraft.
Impact
What are the other effects of space travel?
The impact of prolonged space travel isn't limited to "baby feet." Puffy faces, loss of muscle, and dizziness are other effects.
Rehab is essential for an astronaut's full recovery. They have to gradually re-acclimatize their feet to pressure and friction (walking on soft surfaces before transitioning to harder ones), restore muscle strength (specific exercises for legs and feet), and restore mobility and endurance (resistance training and stretching).
Recovery
NASA's rehabilitation programs for returning astronauts
NASA has set up various programs to help astronauts overcome the effects of microgravity.
Balance training is given so they can regain coordination and stability, while proper hydration and a calcium-rich diet help restore bone and muscle health.
All these are necessary for a smooth transition back to life on Earth after long durations in space.