How intermittent fasting impacts your brain and gut
A recent study conducted by Chinese scientists has revealed that intermittent calorie restriction, a type of diet similar to fasting, can significantly alter the human brain and gut. The research was initiated as part of an investigation into potential solutions for the global obesity crisis. The study involved 25 obese volunteers who participated in an intermittent energy restriction (IER) program over a period of 62 days.
IER program leads to significant weight loss
The IER program resulted in an average weight loss of 7.6kg (7.62kg), or 7.8% of body weight among the participants. In addition to this significant weight reduction, researchers also observed changes in the activity of obesity-related regions of the brain and alterations in gut bacteria composition. Chinese health researcher Qiang Zeng stated, "The observed changes in the gut microbiome and in the activity in addiction-related brain regions during and after weight loss are highly dynamic and coupled over time."
Brain activity and gut microbiome changes identified
The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans to identify changes in brain activity, particularly in regions associated with appetite and addiction regulation. Concurrently, analysis of stool samples and blood measurements revealed changes in gut microbiome linked to specific brain regions. For instance, two types of bacteria showed a negative association with activity in a region involved in executive function, including willpower related to food intake.
Study could offer new ways to control food intake
While it remains unclear what causes these changes or whether the gut influences the brain or vice versa, this discovery could offer new ways to control food intake by treating certain regions of the brain. With over a billion people worldwide estimated to be obese — a condition linked to increased risk of various health issues including cancer and heart disease — understanding the interdependence of our brains and guts could significantly impact obesity prevention and reduction.
