Watch: Cornell University engineers use mushrooms to control robots
An interdisciplinary team of engineers from Cornell University in the US, has successfully used mushrooms to operate a robot, according to a recent study. The research focused on utilizing electrical signals produced by the fungi for robotic control. This innovative approach is part of an emerging field of study known as biohybrid machines, which combine biological and mechanical elements.
A promising alternative to traditional robotics
Biohybrid machines are gaining traction due to their potential advantages over fully mechanical robots. Traditional robots often fall short of animals when it comes to efficiency, durability, and capabilities. Previous experiments have explored the use of frog muscles for a swimming robot, and earthworm tissue for a micropump. However, these animal-derived tissues require specific conditions like sterility and regular antibiotic doses.
Fungi: A viable solution for biohybrid machines
Fungi present a promising alternative for biohybrid machines due to their resilience and easy cultivation. To test this theory, the researchers cultivated mycelia structures from king oyster mushrooms within a 3D-printed scaffold. This scaffold was equipped with electrodes at its base, which the mycelia fused onto as they grew. The team then connected this setup to a five-legged robot made of both rigid and soft materials.
Fungal signals successfully control robotic movement
The mycelia produced electrical signals when exposed to ultraviolet light. By flashing this light on the fungi, the researchers were able to stimulate the electrodes and control the robot's legs. This method was also successfully applied to a different four-wheeled robot, further demonstrating its effectiveness. However, challenges remain as these fungal signals weaken over time and capturing faint signals can be difficult.
Overcoming challenges and future applications of fungal robotics
The researchers have developed an electrical interface that can accurately record electrophysiological activity from the mycelia, process it, and convert it into a digital signal for the robot. They also conducted experiments where robots moved, based on natural continuous spikes in signals from mycelia or changed their movement when ultraviolet light was shone onto the fungus. Despite challenges such as signal degradation and mushroom mortality, the team is optimistic about potential real-world applications in sectors like agriculture or security.
