World Multiple Sclerosis Day: Understanding its significance, cause, and treatments
Every year on May 30, a global awareness campaign called World Multiple Sclerosis Day is observed to raise awareness of the effects that multiple sclerosis (MS) has on people and their families. This day provides a forum for promoting better MS research, treatment alternatives, and a higher standard of living while also educating, supporting, and empowering individuals who are impacted by the disease.
What is multiple sclerosis?
The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is impacted by MS which is a chronic immune-mediated disease. The immune system accidentally attacks the myelin sheath, a protective covering for nerve fibers, which is the source of the condition. This immune-mediated damage interferes with the regular movement of electrical impulses along the nerves, resulting in several symptoms.
Significance of the day
According to reports, about 28 lakh people globally have been impacted by MS. There are 75 reporting nations with an incidence rate of 2.1 lakhs per year. Given the rise in MS cases, an awareness day for MS was always required. The aim of observing the day is to increase support and advocacy in making a significant difference in the lives of MS patients.
What are its symptoms?
The symptoms and signs for MS can vary in each person as it depends on the location and degree of nerve sheath injury in each person. However, some common signs and symptoms include cognitive deficits, weariness, numbness or tingling, speech and swallowing issues, balance and coordination problems, and muscle weakness or stiffness. These can significantly impact a person's daily life, mobility, and overall well-being.
Understanding the different types of MS
There are majorly four types of Multiple Sclerosis. These include clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) which has the first episode of neurological symptoms. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) involves relapses of symptoms followed by periods of remission. Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) sees a progressive worsening of symptoms as time progress. Primary progressive MS (PPMS) is where steady worsening symptoms and disability are seen from the start.
What are the causes?
The root cause of MS is unknown. However, someone may be at a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis if there is a family history of the condition. Low vitamin D levels, little sun exposure, obesity, smoking, and certain autoimmune disorders like thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, or inflammatory bowel disease can all increase the chance of developing this illness.
How is MS detected?
Every person has a unique set of symptoms, making it difficult to forecast the type of MS. While it can occur at any age, it is frequently reported in adults between 20 and 40. In individuals at high risk, early treatment of CIS can postpone the onset of MS. However, relapsing-remitting MS is two to three times more common in women.
Treatments available
Various tests might be recommended by a doctor to analyze electrical activity in the brain and spinal cord and determine the function of nerves. Presently, patients have access to innovative immunomodulator-based treatments. Additionally, therapies are used to reduce inflammation, limit the progression of impairment, and lessen the frequency and severity of relapses. However, patients are recommended to maintain a healthy lifestyle to control symptoms.
