Diabetic Nephropathy: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment
In India, the number of people with diseases like diabetes is increasing. Diabetes can cause problems in different parts of the body, and the kidneys are one of the most affected but often ignored organs. Surprisingly, more than a third of people with diabetes are at risk of developing kidney diseases. The worrying part is that these kidney problems don't show obvious signs.
What is diabetic nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is a common problem that occurs in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. When diabetes is not properly controlled, it can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys. These blood vessels help filter waste from the blood. As a result, the kidneys can become damaged, and this damage can lead to high blood pressure.
Symptoms
Diabetes-related kidney problems can go unnoticed until most of the kidneys are affected. When symptoms finally appear, they provide interesting clues. Swelling in the face, hands, and feet, along with feeling nauseous, tired, and having trouble breathing. The urine may become foamy, and the skin can become dry and itchy. Muscle cramps and needing less insulin are also signs.
Risk factors
Having diabetes puts you at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. There are other factors too that can increase the risk. These factors include not properly controlling your high blood sugar and high blood pressure. Smoking regularly, having high levels of cholesterol in your blood, being overweight, and having a family history of both diabetes and kidney disease also contribute to the risk.
Treatment
Treatment of diabetic nephropathy depends on what stage you are in, your age, and your overall health. The first important step is to manage your diabetes well. This includes eating more fiber-rich and low-fat foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. Quitting smoking and addressing high blood pressure is also crucial. Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to help control high blood pressure.
Prevention
Attend regular diabetes management appointments, where the hidden risks are unveiled. Treat diabetes effectively to reduce the risk of nephropathy. Keep high blood pressure and other medical conditions under control with your doctor's help. Beware of over-the-counter pain relievers, and maintain a healthy weight through regular physical activity. Lastly, give up smoking, as it can harm your kidneys.
