Anosmia: Symptoms, causes, and treatment options
When the COVID-19 pandemic started, many people realized that not being able to smell or taste things could mean they had caught the virus. However, losing your sense of smell, called anosmia, can happen for more reasons than just COVID-19. Here we will take a closer look at various underlying reasons for anosmia, explore available treatment options, and other details.
How smell works?
When we sniff an odor, air goes into our nose and the smell molecules attach to a nerve that helps us smell, known as the olfactory nerve. This nerve lines the inside of our nose. These molecules from the smell travel to the nerve and then send signals to our brain. The brain then processes this information into a recognizable scent.
Symptoms
Well, the symptom is pretty obvious! Anosmia can cause people to no longer sense familiar smells. However, those born with it might not even know they lack the sense of smell. Losing this sense means you won't be able to detect warning smells in your surroundings. Living with anosmia can make social interactions, eating, and well-being tougher, leading to a lower quality of life.
Causes
Anosmia can develop with age or be inherited, leading to reduced smell sensitivity and difficulty distinguishing scents. The neurosensorial sinonasal disease can harm the nerve pathway between the nose and brain, caused by factors such as viral illnesses and toxin exposure. Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and ALS can also contribute to anosmia. And, of course, COVID-19 too.
Risks involved
Anosmia holds deeper risks beyond what appears on the surface. The pleasure of eating can get reduced as the aroma of food becomes unnoticeable. Safety is at risk with anosmia, as it hampers one's ability to recognize smell-related hazards like gas leaks, smoke, spoiled food, and toxins. Diminished smell can also affect romantic and sexual intimacy, as it is integral to the sensual experience.
Treatment options
Anosmia treatment options vary based on the underlying cause. Those grappling with genetic disorders that trigger anosmia might benefit from cell and genetic therapies. In cases where anosmia follows an infection, doctors might suggest using zinc gluconate supplements or undergoing smell training to help recovery. Those dealing with post-traumatic olfactory disorders resulting from head injuries could find relief through smell training as well.
