Can apple seeds be toxic? Here's what science says
What's the story
Apple seeds have long been a subject of intrigue and fear over their potential toxicity.
While apples are a favorite fruit for many, the seeds they carry contain compounds that can be toxic if ingested in large amounts.
Here, we take a look at what exactly are apple seeds, what makes them potentially dangerous, and how they can affect health.
Amygdalin
The compound in question
Apple seeds contain a compound called amygdalin, which is a cyanogenic glycoside. When metabolized, amygdalin can release hydrogen cyanide, a toxic substance.
However, the amount of amygdalin in apple seeds is relatively low, compared to other fruits like apricots or peaches.
It would require consuming a significant number of apple seeds for any harmful effects to occur.
Quantity matters
How many seeds are harmful?
The danger from apple seeds mostly lies in how many you eat.
A few seeds accidentally swallowed won't do you any harm as our body detoxifies small amounts of cyanide. However, eating large amounts could be hazardous to health.
It's also good for people to know that chewing/crushing the seeds liberates cyanide further.
Detoxification process
Human body's defense mechanism
The human body has its own natural defenses against cyanide. It detoxifies small amounts ingested from apple seeds.
The liver enzymes convert cyanide into thiocyanate (which is less toxic) and excrete it through urine.
This process prevents acute toxicity from sporadic exposures, but may not be enough with excessive intake.
Eating apples safely
Safe consumption practices
To relish apples without worrying about seed toxicity, it's best to steer clear of intentionally consuming or chewing on apple seeds.
Removing cores before consumption ensures safety while still allowing people to reap the benefits of this nutritious fruit's vitamins and fiber content.
For those who prefer juicing apples at home, using seedless varieties or removing cores beforehand can further minimize risk.