Understanding common kidney disorders and their treatment options
The kidneys play an important role in maintaining the overall health of our body. However, various factors can lead to kidney disease and affect their normal functioning. NewsBytes spoke to Dr. Sujit Chatterjee, CEO at Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai to understand the most common kidney diseases and their causes for early detection and effective treatment.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
CKD is a progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time. Hypertension, diabetes, and kidney inflammation are common causes. "In early stages, symptoms may be inconspicuous, but as the disease progresses, fatigue, changes in urine output, and elevated blood pressure may occur. Severe cases of CKD may need dialysis or a kidney transplant," says Dr. Chatterjee.
Kidney stones
Kidney stones are solid mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys due to dehydration, dietary factors, or certain medical conditions. Treatment options range from conservative measures such as increased fluid intake, pain management, and lifestyle changes to medical interventions such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or surgical removal of larger or problematic stones, according to Dr. Chatterjee
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply, leading to inflammation and infection. UTIs can affect the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. Symptoms include frequent and painful urination, cloudy or bloody urine, pelvic area pain, and a constant need to urinate. "Antibiotics are the main treatment for UTIs, along with increased fluid intake and adherence to good hygiene practices," says Dr. Chatterjee.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
"PKD is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of cysts in the kidneys, causing the kidneys to enlarge and impair their function over time," says Dr. Chatterjee Common symptoms include abdominal pain, high blood pressure, blood in the urine, and recurrent kidney infections. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, controlling blood pressure, pain management, and supportive care.
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Acute kidney injury is a sudden loss of kidney function due to injury, infection, or drug intoxication. According to Chatterjee, some of the common symptoms seen include decreased urine output, fluid retention, fatigue, confusion, and nausea. Treatment aims to correct the underlying cause, support kidney function and prevent complications. In severe cases, temporary dialysis may be required.
