#HealthBytes: Basic questions around Sexually Transmitted Infections answered
In the simplest of terms, infections that spread from sexual activity are called as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). Some common forms are genital warts, herpes, gonorrhea, and HIV. And although, more and more people are now aware about safe sex, there still exists general ignorance around STIs, in India. Here, we answer some basic, frequently asked questions around STIs.
What is an STI/STD?
A disease or infection that spreads through sexual activity like vaginal intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, or in some cases, skin-to-skin contact, is called Sexually Transmitted Infection/Disease (STI/STD). Some common forms of STDs are Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, HPV and HIV.
What are the symptoms?
STD symptoms may or may not show, or sometimes, they may be so mild that you might fail to notice. However, generally speaking, symptoms for STIs include unusual discharge of (white/yellowish) fluids from the vagina or penis, unexplained rashes, burning sensation during urination, and bumps/sores/blisters/warts on/around the genital area. If one or more of these symptoms show, see your doctor, as soon as possible.
About the cure, commonness, and oral sex
Are STIs curable? Some of the STIs are curable, while others are not. The latter ones might stay with the infected for the whole of their life. How common are STIs? Studies suggest that 1 in every 4 persons is infected. However, the numbers might be greater. Can oral-sex lead to STIs? Yes. STIs like Gonorrhea and herpes are usually transmitted via oral-sex.
How to reduce risk of catching STIs
Follow these general tips to avoid risk of catching STIs: 1) Limit your number of sexual partners 2) Openly communicate with your partners about your and their sexual health histories 3) Get tested, and make sure to get your partner tested as well 4) Get vaccinated against HPV and HBV 5) Avoid engaging in sexual activity, under influence of alcohol or drugs.
How to practise safe sex
To practise safer sex, always use a latex or polyurethane-based condom during all forms of sexual activity, whether anal, vaginal, or oral. Engaging in risky sexual practices, that may lead to skin tears or cuts, should be avoided. Anal sex is an example. Furthermore, cleansing and rinsing off the bodies after sex is also advised. Women must urinate post-sex to reduce UTI risk.
About effectiveness of condoms and STI check-ups
Are condoms always effective? Though condoms are not a fool-proof way to prevent STIs, it is still recommended to always use one while engaging in sexual activity as it considerably reduces STI risk, especially in cases of oral, vaginal and anal sex. Should you get tested? Yes, everyone who is sexually active should get regular STI check-ups done.
