#HealthBytes: 5 common sexually-transmitted infections, and how to prevent them
What's the story
September is observed as the Sexual Health Awareness Month. Although it doesn't mean all your sexual precautions should fall into place in a particular month, but reflecting on your sexual health status is a good idea. Practising safe sex can go a long way in ensuring your sexual, physical and emotional well-being. Here are 5 common sexually-transmitted infections, and how you can prevent them.
Chlamydia
A bacteria-caused infection, chlamydia can spread through anal/vaginal/oral sex
Spread by having unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex with an infected person, Chlamydia is caused by the transmission of a bacteria called 'Chlamydia trachomatis.' Symptoms, if any, include pain during urination, unexplained bleeding, and unusual discharge from the penis, vagina or anus. The infection can be treated with antibiotics. However, if left untreated, it may spread to other parts of the body.
Herpes, warts
About common STIs- Genital herpes and warts
Genital herpes: A common STI, genital herpes can lead to outbreak of blisters or sores on the genitals, anus, lips and mouth of the infected. Genital warts: Warts are bumps that may appear on the vagina, penis, anus and scrotum. These are usually harmless, but can cause irritation. Warts can be caused by Human Papillomavirus. See your doctor right away, as you notice symptoms.
Gonorrhea, HIV
Gonorrhea and HIV-AIDS are other serious STIs
Gonorrhea: Also called 'clap', gonorrhea is caused by a bacteria and may affect the urethra, cervix, anus, throat or eyes. In most cases, there are no symptoms, but if left untreated, the infection can lead to permanent infertility. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a dreadful STI which affects the immune system, and can lead to AIDS, certain cancers, and other infections.
Prevention
General tips to help reduce risk of STIs
General tips to prevent catching STIs: 1) Limit your number of sexual partners. 2) Openly communicate with your partners about your and their sexual health histories. 3) Get tested, and make your partner get tested as well. 4) Get vaccinated against HPV and HBV. 5) Avoid engaging in sexual activity, under influence of alcohol or drugs.
Safe sex tips
Tips to practise safe sex
To practise safe sex, always use a latex or polyurethane-based condoms during all forms of sexual activity, whether anal, vaginal, or oral. Further, engaging in risky sexual practices, that may lead to skin tears or cuts, should be avoided. Anal sex is an example. Also, cleansing and rinsing off the bodies after sex is also advised. Women must urinate post-sex to reduce UTI risks.