Here's why Poland commemorates this Maharashtra village
Valivade-Kolhapur, a village nestled in Maharashtra's Deccan plateau, is a historical testament to the enduring bond between India and Poland. This bond was forged during World War II when India opened its doors to approximately 6,000 Polish refugees fleeing Soviet oppression. From 1942 to 1948, these refugees found sanctuary in Valivade-Kolhapur, marking a significant chapter in both nations' histories.
Establishment of the Polish settlement in Valivade-Kolhapur
The establishment of the Polish refugee settlement in Valivade-Kolhapur was a collaborative effort between the Indian government and British authorities. By 1943, Valivade was selected for its favorable climate and strategic location about 500km south of Mumbai. The aim was to provide a more hospitable living environment than other regions, particularly for those who had endured severe hardships under Soviet rule.
Valivade-Kolhapur: A home away from home for Polish refugees
Valivade-Kolhapur was transformed into a fully functional Polish town, complete with amenities such as a church, community center, multiple schools, a college, post office, theater and cinema. The settlement was divided into five districts with residential bungalows for families. These homes were surrounded by green spaces and featured verandas adorned with morning glories. This infrastructure aimed to replicate a typical Polish town and foster a sense of community among the refugees.
Cultural life and community activities in Valivade-Kolhapur
Life in Valivade-Kolhapur was rich with cultural and community activities. The settlement supported various aspects of Polish cultural life including scouting, sports, religious celebrations, and theatrical performances. Polish children participated in scouting and physical activities while religious and national holidays were observed with great enthusiasm. This vibrant cultural life helped preserve their heritage while they were far from home.
Memorials and continued recognition by Poland
After the departure of Polish refugees between 1946 and 1948, Valivade-Kolhapur's significance was preserved through memorials. A cemetery in Kolhapur, restored in 2014, honors the Polish individuals who died while in India. An obelisk in Mahavir Garden Park stands as a testament to the enduring friendship between Poles and Indians. Poland has consistently commemorated India's aid during the war with Maharaja Digvijaysinhji of Nawanagar being honored with a square and a school in Warsaw for his refuge to Polish orphans.
Reunions and return visits to Valivade-Kolhapur
The Polish refugees who once lived in Valivade-Kolhapur have maintained strong ties with India. Reunions began in 1954 and evolved into formal gatherings, including pilgrimages and congresses. The "Association of Poles in India 1942-1948," established in 1990, has been instrumental in preserving the history and fostering connections between former refugees and their Indian hosts. Former Polish residents of Valivade-Kolhapur have made several return visits to India, further strengthening this enduring bond.
